These maps present our projected proportions of children living in households where an adult has any of the so called ‘toxic trio’ factors present, or where multiple factors exist in the same household. These factors are:

• Alcohol/substance misuse
  Children in households where an adult has a drug or alcohol dependence
• Domestic abuse
  Children in households where an adult has experienced violence or abuse from a partner in the last year
• Mental health problems
  Children in households where an adult has a clinically diagnosable mental health condition

These have been shown to put children at notably greater risk of immediate harm as well as having a detrimental impact on their later life outcomes.

This approach makes several key assumptions that are difficult to test without further local data:

• The relationships between local area characteristics and the toxic trio factors are consistent across local areas.
• The local area characteristics used in our projections include all characteristics likely to influence levels of the toxic trio in an area.
• The sample in the national survey is diverse enough to represent the characteristics and interactions of these characteristics in each local area.

As such the results below provide only a useful first step in estimating local levels of these factors. They are in need of further validation from local surveys and administrative data that are not currently collected centrally.

Local authorities

Please note: estimates of local authority alcohol and drug dependence are not comparable to Public Health England estimates due to differences in methodology

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Projected rate of children affected in local authority

Lowest rate to highest rate

Parliamentary constituencies

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Projected rate of children affected in parliamentary constituency

Lowest rate to highest rate